HyperCortisolism in Dogs: Everything You Need to Know

HyperCortisolism in Dogs: Everything You Need to Know:

Hyperadrenocorticism — better known as Cushing’s disease or hypercortisolism in dogs — is a common endocrine disorder that affects many middle-aged and senior dogs. It can be worrying when you first hear the diagnosis, but with the right knowledge and veterinary care, most dogs live comfortably for years.

In this guide, we’ll explain what Cushing’s is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and how pet insurance can help manage the costs.

What is Hypercortisolism (Cushing’s Disease)?

HyperCortisolism occurs when a dog’s body produces too much cortisol — the stress hormone. Cortisol is vital for regulating metabolism, blood sugar, blood pressure, and immune response. But too much, over time, causes widespread health problems.

There are two main types of Cushing’s disease in dogs:

1. Pituitary-dependent Cushing’s (the most common form, ~80–90% of cases):
   • Caused by a benign tumour in the pituitary gland in the brain.
   • Leads to overstimulation of the adrenal glands → excess cortisol.
2. Adrenal-dependent Cushing’s (~15–20% of cases):
   • Caused by a tumour in one of the adrenal glands near the kidneys.
   • Can be benign or malignant.

Which Dogs Are at Risk?

• Age: Most common in dogs over 7 years old.
• Breeds predisposed: Poodles, Dachshunds, Beagles, Boston Terriers, Boxers, Staffordshire Bull Terriers, and small terriers.
• Sex: Slightly more common in females, but can affect both sexes.

Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease in Dogs

Because cortisol affects many body systems, the symptoms are varied and can develop gradually. The most common signs include:

• Excessive thirst and urination (polydipsia, polyuria)
• Increased appetite (polyphagia)
• Pot-bellied appearance
• Thinning skin, hair loss, or slow regrowth of fur
• Muscle weakness and lethargy
• Panting more than usual
• Recurrent skin or urinary tract infections

Tip: Because many of these overlap with normal ageing, regular vet checks are key to spotting Cushing’s early.

How is HyperCortisolism Diagnosed?

Your vet may recommend a combination of:

• Blood and urine tests (to check for elevated liver enzymes, diluted urine, abnormal cortisol levels)
• ACTH stimulation test or low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (gold standard diagnostic tests)
• Ultrasound imaging of the adrenal glands (to check for tumours)

These tests can be costly — ranging from several hundred to over a thousand dollars — which is where pet insurance can ease financial stress.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type of Cushing’s and your dog’s overall health:

1. Medication (most common approach):
   • Drugs like Trilostane or Mitotane help control cortisol production.
   • Lifelong medication is usually required, with regular blood tests to monitor effectiveness and safety.
2. Surgery:
   • Removal of an adrenal tumour can be curative in some cases.
   • Complex and specialised, often requiring referral to a veterinary hospital.
3. Radiation therapy:
   • Sometimes used for pituitary tumours, though less common in general practice.

Prognosis: Can Dogs Live with Cushing’s?

Yes. With correct treatment, many dogs live for several years with a good quality of life. The key is:

• Consistent medication
• Regular bloodwork
• Monitoring for side effects or recurrence

Untreated, however, Cushing’s disease can shorten lifespan and lead to complications such as diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney infections, or blood clots.

Cost of Treating HyperCortisolism

Treatment can be expensive:

• Initial diagnostics: $500–$1,500+
• Ongoing meds: $50–$150/month
• Monitoring bloodwork: $200–$400 every few months

Over a dog’s lifetime, this can add up to several thousand dollars. Pet insurance that covers illnesses can help offset these costs and make long-term treatment manageable.

How Pet Insurance Helps

• Accident & Illness cover may include ongoing conditions like Cushing’s (if not pre-existing).
• Chronic condition coverage means you’re reimbursed for regular meds and monitoring.
• Peace of mind knowing you can commit to treatment without financial strain.

👉 Compare cover here to see which plan suits your pet.

Final Thoughts

HyperCortisolism in dogs is common, but it’s not a death sentence. With early detection, consistent veterinary care, and financial support through insurance, many dogs continue to live happy, active lives.

If your dog is showing symptoms, book a vet appointment as soon as possible. And if you don’t already have insurance, consider it now — before any signs appear — so future conditions like Cushing’s can be covered.